Computer Network:
Computer networking refers to connecting two or more computers together to share resources and communicate with each other. The fundamental principles of computer networking involve:
Network types and topologies
Network devices like routers, switches, hubs
Network protocols like TCP/IP, UDP, HTTP
IP addressing standards
Network security
Some key concepts in computer networking are:
What is a computer network?
A computer network connects two or more computers together to share data and resources. It allows for communication and data transfer between connected devices. Networks can be defined based on their:
Geographic location (LAN, MAN, WAN)
Protocols used (TCP/IP, Ethernet)
Physical arrangement (bus, star, ring)
Purpose (data sharing, communication)
Network types
Common network types include:
LAN: connects devices over a short distance
WAN: connects devices over a large geographic area
MAN: connects devices within a metropolitan area
PAN: connects personal devices
SAN: connects storage devices
VPN: provides a secure connection over an insecure network
Network devices
Devices that comprise a network include:
Routers: forward data packets between networks
Switches: forward data within a network
Hubs: simple devices that re-broadcast all incoming data to all ports
Network topology
The arrangement of nodes and links in a network is called its topology. Common topologies include:
Bus: all nodes are connected to a common cable
Star: all nodes connect to a central hub
Ring: nodes are connected in a closed loop
Mesh: nodes are fully interconnected
Network security
Network security involves protecting data and resources from unauthorized access. It uses methods like:
Firewalls to filter incoming and outgoing network traffic
Authentication using usernames and passwords
Data encryption to scramble data during transmission
In summary, the fundamentals of computer networking involve understanding network types, devices, topologies, protocols and standards, communication principles, and security. A solid foundation in these concepts is essential for designing, implementing, and managing computer networks.
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